Many components make up a computer. Each connects to the central hub, which we call the motherboard. The motherboard doesn’t get much love compared to the CPU or GPU, even though it’s arguably the most important part of a computer. Let’s dive into what a motherboard does, how to navigate this intricate component, all it makes possible, and how to check it if you experience issues.
If you were to deconstruct your computer, you would notice several essential parts. The central processing unit (CPU) acts as the brain of the device. The graphics card (GPU) specializes in video and image rendering and processing. The RAM works as a multitasker, allowing multiple applications to run simultaneously.
What is a Motherboard?
A motherboard is an integral part of any computer. Think of it as the nervous system that connects all other components. Because the motherboard merges all hardware and allows them to talk to one another you can think of it as the backbone of your computer. All communication that runs through each piece of equipment runs through the motherboard.
Determining compatibility with hardware is essential when building a computer. First, you decide whether to use AMD or Intel for the CPU. From there, you will find a compatible motherboard.
One advantage of purchasing a prebuilt computer is that all that work is done for you.
Some issues a motherboard faces are overheating, water damage, and a faulty capacitor. However, these issues only happen sometimes because the motherboard is one of the most durable components of a computer. Very rarely would you need to check the motherboard or need to replace it.
A motherboard can last up to 20 years, though, you most likely won’t have the same motherboard for that long because technology is moving rapidly. Users typically replace the CPU and GPU more often than a motherboard. Depending on new CPU sockets, new RAM types, and ports, most people will change out their motherboard every 5-8 years. Next, let’s look deeply into a motherboard and how to navigate the circuity.
Components of a Motherboard and What Connects to the Motherboard
A motherboard has many components since it acts as the central hub of a computer. The list might seem daunting, but it is important to know!
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
One of the most important components of a motherboard is the CPU. As we mentioned earlier, the CPU acts as the brain of the device. The two main chipsets are AMD and Intel, which will determine which motherboard you purchase. Each company has its own chip socket, which is usually placed in the middle of the board. The CPU executes instructions to run computer programs.
RAM (Random Access Memory)
RAM is computer memory that stores data that can be read and changed. This is short-term memory, allowing the user to multitask and open up multiple applications at once. RAM is also great for running bigger applications like video editing software and video games. You’ll notice rectangular slots where the RAM will click right in.
CMOS Battery
The CMOS battery provides power to your computer’s BIOS. This battery remembers your computer’s settings and allows computers to boot up faster.
Northbridge/Southbridge
These chipsets are located on the north and south sides of the motherboard, just like their name states. They manage communication between parts of the board, allowing the CPU to connect and reach all components. The Northbridge is directly connected to the CPU and acts as its messenger. The Southbridge is connected to the Northbridge and manages the peripheral devices, such as audio and USB ports.
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
The USB hub allows peripherals to connect to the motherboard. These ports, located on the back of a desktop or the sides of a laptop, enable you to transfer data and connect devices.
Input/Output (I/O Port)
Like the USB port, the I/O port also connects peripherals to the motherboard. These ports are more focused on audio and video. Connections are usually HDMI, display port, ethernet, and more.
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
The PCI slot connects hardware, such as graphic cards, solid-state drives, and Wi-Fi cards, to the motherboard.
Fan connector
The fan connector lets fans connect to the motherboard, providing air to pass through the computer. These connectors either have a three or four-pin connection. The motherboard provides power to these fans, powering them on.
SATA Connections
SATA connections are L-shaped ports that connect hard disk drives, solid-state drives, and optical drives. Now, we are seeing more solid-state drives connected to the motherboard than hard disks.
M.2 Slot
This slot provides an alternative way to connect a solid-state drive. The M.2 SSD is ultra-small, lightweight, and faster than traditional SSDs.
Heat Sink
The heat sink is a cooling device for your motherboard and the connected chips. A heatsink is mandatory for the CPU since temperatures can fry the component. Heat sinks can be water-cooled or fan-based. It all depends on the space and wallet size you have.
The motherboard connects all these components that make up your computer. Next, let’s get into troubleshooting and checking your motherboard.
How to Check Your Motherboard
When a computer starts having hiccups, the last thing you want it to be is your motherboard. This is one of the most intricate and annoying parts to replace, as you will likely have to replace other parts. Unplugging everything to get to the motherboard is a challenging task, too.
When a computer starts to experience shutdowns, overheating, strange noises, weird smells, and fails to boot, it’s time to check your motherboard. If you have a desktop, this is a lot easier than if you have a laptop.
Visual Check
The first step you’ll want to do is to look inside the computer and see if anything seems out of the ordinary.
Questions you should ask yourself while checking:
- Do I see any liquid damage?
- Do I see any smoke?
- Do I see any burnt capacitors or damaged parts?
- Are all connections properly secure?
- Do you see lights and fans spinning?
This inspection will be more difficult on a laptop since you can’t see under the motherboard. With a laptop, you might have to send it in for repair unless you know how to remove components yourself safely.
If you say “Yes” to any of these, I recommend sending in your computer for repair or replacing the motherboard yourself.
If the visual check looks good, it’s time to move on to the next step.
Testing Each Component
This next step is a lot more hands-on and intricate. You can only perform this step with a desktop, not a laptop. This step aims to test each component to find out where the problem is. For some of these components, you will want replacement tester pieces. A repair shop should already have this.
CMOS Battery
The best outcome could be a CMOS replacement. If your motherboard light is on, but the computer is not booting up, try replacing the CMOS battery.
RAM
Let’s start with the RAM first. Unplug your RAM, and plug the same ones into different slots. Turn the computer back on and see if that fixes it. If that doesn’t work, replace your RAM with tester RAM and try again.
No Lights/ No Fans Spinning
When no lights show on the motherboard, it could be a faulty connection—double and triple-check all your connections from your motherboard, especially the power supply. Make sure your computer switch on the back is on. If your motherboard has an onboard power switch, double-check that it is turned on, too. If there are still no lights, then the motherboard could be faulty.
You will want to use Google to your advantage. Search the issue you’re having because, more often than not, someone else has had it, too.
Remember, most of these steps should only be taken if you are familiar with computers and know what you are doing. Don’t forget to check your computer’s warranty. Even though sending it in could take time, it will save you from damaging the computer further. Always make sure to back up your computer!
Conclusion
As you can tell, the motherboard is an essential piece of your computer. The last thing anyone wants is to replace it. Knowing your way around your machine is critical and can save you time and money. Before you buy a computer, look for companies that will give you the option for an extended warranty and even a repair shop. A computer can only last so long. Knowing how to repair it yourself or having an easy repair or replacement option can make your life much easier.
