In this lesson, photographer Ben Clay examines the nature of reflections in a sphere-shaped object and illustrates how a double diffuser lets you create natural-looking shots of highly-reflective objects.
Photographing highly-reflective objects can be one of the most challenging tasks a product photographer can face. Simply trying to control and modify the reflections that show up can prove to be daunting, particularly when you’ve got an object that reflects everything in the room, such as the highly reflective black teapot that’s the subject of this article. Here’s how double diffusion lighting can save the day!
Once you know how to modify these reflections through the double diffusion technique, getting professional results can be a lot easier than you might think.
The Before Shot
Before I went about lighting this teapot, I first took a shot of it with a point-and-shoot camera with the flash enabled for comparison purposes. I set it on my dining room table, pointed the camera at it and took a shot similar to the way most people would go about photographing items for eBay or craigslist.
The result reveals the common effects from this type of lighting. The camera rendered a good exposure of the teapot, but there are several reasons why this image fails as a product shot.
First, there are the distracting reflections. Since the teapot is highly reflective, it mirrors everything in the room including windows, the table and three separate reflections of the camera flash. The flash also creates a hard-edged shadow on the table and flattens out the perspective of the teapot considerably. In person, this teapot is visually compelling, yet this rendition fails to do it justice.
Setting Up a Makeshift Studio
To improve on this snapshot, I first brought the teapot into my small home office and assembled a simple lighting set-up. I placed two sawhorses near the corner of the room and placed a sheet of white foam core in the corner to create a little pocket of white reflective surfaces (the foam core and the two intersecting white walls).
I then set up a Photoflex Starlite Small Digital Kit and positioned it close to the left side of the teapot. Finally, I mounted my camera to a tripod in a vertical orientation and dialed in some custom settings:
- Exposure Mode: Manual
- Aperture: f/8
- Shutter Speed: 1/30th of a second
- ISO: 200
- Focus: Manual
- White Balance: Custom, to match the color temperature of the Starlite Kit (3150 K)
With the camera set and the StarLite Kit turned on, I took another shot.
The result showed an improvement over the last shot, but the reflections of the foam core, the SilverDome soft box and even the silver legs of the tripod were still quite obvious. Before I tackled the reflections of the SilverDome and tripod, I started with the foam core.
Since the teapot was black, I figured I could minimize the effects of the bottom reflections by using black foam core instead of white. I made the switch, re-focused the camera, slowed the shutter speed to 1/20th of a second to adjust for the change in exposure, and took another shot.
Again, the result showed a marked improvement, but the transition between the reflection of the foam core and the reflection on the back wall/ceiling was still sharply defined. Instead, I tried a different approach.
Eliminating the Surface Reflection
Rather than placing the teapot on a larger sheet of foam core or Plexiglas, I opted to create a makeshift pedestal for the teapot that would not render any table reflections. I cut out two small circular pieces of foam core (slightly smaller in diameter than the base of the teapot), adhered them together with “ghee” (a 50/50 mixture of kneaded eraser and modeling clay), cut a small hole in the center of the foam core, and rotated it onto the base of a tripod (with tripod head removed) so that the center screw held the foam core securely in place.
I then replaced the sheet of black foam core and saw horses with the tripod and placed the teapot on my newly customized teapot stand.
After re-framing the shot for a slightly lower perspective, I took another exposure at the same camera settings.
Notice how there is no surface reflection in the base of the teapot? First problem solved!
Jockeying Reflections
Next, I went about modifying the reflection of the SilverDome soft box. I first tried moving the Starlite Kit up and down, sided to side, even rotating the soft box to different angles to try and make the reflection look more natural, but it invariably just ended up looking like a white square stuck onto the surface of the teapot. And since the finish of the teapot was slightly mottled, it rendered the edges of the soft box as visibly jagged.
I wondered if making a larger reflection would be less distracting, so I replaced the Starlite Small Digital Kit with a Starlite Medium Digital Kit (essentially the same kit with a larger soft box), and brought it in close so that the face of the soft box would create a large reflection. Keeping the same camera settings, I took another shot.
This was better, but the reflection of the soft box edges still appeared jagged. Also, the overall reflection was still somewhat distracting, as it fell of sharply from light to black. I wanted a gradual transition from light to dark across the teapot to give it a more natural sense of shape. To do this, I had to apply what is known as a double-diffusing technique.
The Starlite Kit is composed of components that work to create diffused light. The light from the Starlite Head and Lamp pass through the interior baffle and front diffusion face of the SilverDome soft box to create a soft, natural-looking light. But as is evident in the examples above, the edges of the soft box will be easily revealed in any object that is highly reflective. To eliminate these hard-edged reflections, you need to place another panel of diffusion in between the subject and the soft box.
Creating Double Diffusion
I decided to use a LitePanel to work my visual magic. The LitePanel consists of a shock-chorded frame onto which you can attach various reflective or translucent fabrics. It’s very similar to how a LiteDisc or MultiDisc works, only on a larger scale.
The LitePanel Frames come in different dimensions, and here I used a 39×72″ Aluminum Frame with the Translucent Fabric attached. I placed it in between the Starlite Kit and the teapot and attached LitePanel Legs to the base to keep it angled upright. After the LitePanel was in position, I slowed the shutter speed to 1/10th of a second to accommodate for reduced exposure and took my final shot.
The raw result shows a natural, well-lit rendering of a highly reflective object. The left side is illuminated with soft, graduated light, while the right side receives a subtle bounce-fill from the light reflecting off the right-hand wall. The image was now ready for a few digital enhancements.
Finishing Touches
Afterward in Adobe Photoshop, I duplicated the layer, used the Pen tool to create a path around the teapot, acivated and inverted the selection, deleted just the background in the top layer, deactivated the selection, and filled bottom layer with pure white. I then created a drop shadow under the base of the teapot to make it appear as though it was resting on a surface and not floating in space, applied a subtle Gradation layer to the body of the teapot to smooth out a few areas of the reflection even more, and finally created some “digital steam” shooting out of the spout just for fun.
As you can see from the comparison below, we’ve come a long way from the first snapshot. This is a good example of just how much lighting plays a role in product photography. Of course, digital imaging helps too, but only to enhance the essence of the shot. Photoshop is an indispensable tool for finishing touches, but it’s best not to rely on it too heavily for major changes to your images. That’s what lighting equipment is for!
Related Products:
- Photoflex Starlite Small Kit, with 500 watt Starlite, Small Silverdome, Lightstand
- Photoflex Starlite Medium Kit, 1000 watt Starlite, Medium Silverdome, Lightstand
- Photoflex Litepanel 39″ x 72″ White Translucent Fabric
- Photoflex Litepanel 39″ x 72″ Aluminum Frame Kit with Soft Gold & Translucent Fabrics
- Photoflex LitePanel Legs, Pack of Two
Learn more at the Adorama Learning Center:
- Setting up simple studio lighting – Adorama TV
- Still life tent buying guide
- The Kitchen Table Studio
- Food and Product Photographer, Rick Gayle
Written and photographed by Ben Clay, contributing lesson writer for PhotoflexLightingSchool.com
